In clinical testing and medical research, different anticoagulants have different anticoagulant mechanisms and are suitable for different testing items. Appropriate anticoagulant tubes can ensure the quality of blood samples, but when selecting, multiple factors need to be considered, including anticoagulant mechanisms, applicable items, compatibility between anticoagulants and detection instruments, sample storage time and conditions, etc. Only by selecting and using blood collection anticoagulant tubes correctly can the quality of blood samples be guaranteed.

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The anticoagulant mechanism of common anticoagulants

1. Potassium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA): The anticoagulant mechanism of EDTA mainly involves the formation of stable chelates with calcium ions in the blood. Calcium ions play a crucial role in the process of blood coagulation, as they participate in the formation of fibrin. EDTA chelates calcium ions to reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, thereby preventing the coagulation process from occurring. EDTA has little effect on the morphology of blood cells and can maintain cell integrity well. It is commonly used in blood routine testing and other projects.

2. Sodium citrate: Sodium citrate also achieves anticoagulation by binding with calcium ions. It forms insoluble soluble complexes with calcium ions, reducing the concentration of calcium ions in the blood and inhibiting the coagulation process. The anticoagulant effect of sodium citrate is relatively weak, but it has a good protective effect on coagulation factor V. In clinical testing, sodium citrate is commonly used for coagulation function testing, such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and other testing items.

3. Heparin sodium/lithium: The anticoagulant mechanism of heparin is relatively complex, and it mainly works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III (AT-III). AT-III is a physiological anticoagulant that can bind to various coagulation factors and inhibit their activity. After binding with AT-III, heparin rapidly inhibits the coagulation process. Heparin has a strong anticoagulant effect and can quickly prevent blood clotting. It is commonly used in emergency biochemical tests and other projects that require rapid results.

Testing items applicable to different anticoagulants

1. Blood routine test: Blood routine test mainly includes white blood cell count and classification, red blood cell count, hemoglobin measurement, platelet count and other items. EDTA is an ideal anticoagulant for blood routine testing due to its minimal impact on blood cell morphology and accurate reflection of the true shape and quantity of blood cells. The use of EDTA anticoagulant blood collection tubes can ensure that blood samples remain stable for a longer period of time, facilitating accurate detection of various blood routine indicators.

2. Coagulation function testing: Coagulation function tests such as PT, APTT, fibrinogen testing, etc., need to accurately reflect the activity of coagulation factors. Sodium citrate is a standard anticoagulant for coagulation function testing due to its good protective effect on coagulation factor V and relatively weak anticoagulant effect, which does not excessively interfere with the coagulation process. When conducting coagulation function tests, sodium citrate anticoagulant tubes are usually used to collect blood samples, and blood is collected according to the prescribed blood to anticoagulant ratio (usually 9:1).

3. Biochemical testing: There are many biochemical testing items, including the testing of liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, blood glucose and other indicators. For most biochemical testing projects, heparin anticoagulant tubes are a commonly used choice. Heparin has a strong anticoagulant effect and can quickly prevent blood clotting, allowing samples to be used for testing as soon as possible and reducing component changes caused by blood clotting.

4. Blood gas analysis: Blood gas analysis is mainly used to detect indicators such as pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO ₂), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO ₂) in the blood, and to evaluate the patient's respiratory function and acid-base balance. Heparin sodium and heparin lithium are ideal anticoagulants for blood gas analysis.

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Hubei Xindesheng, as a supplier of blood collection tube additives, has a strong reputation in the industry due to its research and development and production capabilities. The various blood collection tube additives it provides, such as potassium EDTA, lithium heparin, sodium heparin, etc., are of high quality and stable performance. Xindesheng strictly controls the production process and can customize additives according to customer needs. At the same time, it provides professional technical support and comprehensive after-sales service. If you have purchasing intentions, please feel free to contact us at any time!